Cliff Nissen: Specialist in Periodontics: How do I know if I have gum disease?

This patient has gum disease. The gums are red, swollen and bleed when touched and the teeth have moved apart.

How do I know if I have gum disease?

The signs and symptoms of periodontal disease are variable but may include reddening and swelling of the gums, gums that bleed on brushing, gums that have pulled away from the teeth together with evidence of loose or migrating teeth, a bad taste in the mouth and possibly bad breath. However, because pain is rarely a symptom until the disease is at an advanced stage, it is possible to be unaware of any changes.

It is advisable to attend a general dental practitioner regularly so that special assessment techniques to detect changes in the gums, sometimes including x-rays, can be carried out as part of your routine dental examination.

Signs and symptoms

It is very common for people not to be aware of their gum problems until they are pointed out to them. If you notice any changes in your gums make sure you mention them to your dentist at your next examination appointment.

Bleeding when brushing

Many people believe that bleeding when they brush their teeth is a normal occurence and nothing to worry about. Bleeding from the gums, however, only occurs if the gums are inflammed and can be a sign of early problems.

What should I do next?

If you feel that any of these indications may apply to you it may be worth speaking to your own dentist or hygienist, or consider organising a self referral.